This literature review explores what makes learning environments safe, strong and successful for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students. Co-authored by Dr Josh Cubillo and young indigenous researchers Alyssa Richardson and Anjali Ali, under the guidance of a First Nations Steering Committee and in partnership with NIYEC, it identifies the key characteristics that foster belonging, wellbeing and engagement – and illustrates them through case studies from across the continent.

The report sheds light on programs that elevate Indigenous knowledge systems and self-determination in education, showing how relationships, culturally responsive practice and community leadership create real and lasting impact. Together with the companion action report Claiming Space and Shifting Narratives, it strengthens our understanding of how to recognise and support First Nations learners through both evidence and practice.